Child Language Acquisition Questions

Answers to questions:
1) Cooing, Babbling, Holophrastic, Two-word, Telegraphic, Post-Telegraphic
2) Interactional theory - J.Bruner, Nativist theory- N.Chomsky, Cognitive theory- J.Piaget, Behaviorists theory- B.F.Skinner, Critical period- E.Lenneberg
3) Over extension, as the reason for this is because they are the same shape children assume that they are the same thing.
4) Under extension
5) If a child were to say 'I falled' or 'I runned away' then this process is called overgeneralisation, this is because the child has learnt to use 'run' and 'fall' and has a knowledge that if they add the suffix of 'ed' on the end it immediately becomes past tense, but this child uses it in a non-standard way.
6) As the child has said 'Daddy go work', I would say that the child is at the telegraphic stage as they have the basic forms of the sentence but they are missing 'is' and needs to change 'go' to 'going' and 'to', to make the sentence 'Daddy is going to work'.
7) If a child says 'me like ice-cream' she is understanding that she has to identify that she is the one liking the ice cream but she needs to say I and not 'me'.
8) A child says 'timney' and not chimney, the child may not be able to pronounce the 'ch' sound and therefore replaces it with an easier 't' sound. This process would be in the babbling/two-word stage.
9) A child says 'ca' instead of 'cat', she is using the simplification process for deletion where she simplifies the word to make it easier for her to say.
10) 'nana' an not 'banana', again this shows a similar process of simplification but its at the beginning of the word, this would be simplification.
11) Halliday's functions: (1) Instrumental - to fulfill a need on behalf of the speaker, directly concerned with food, drink and comfort (2) Regulatory - Influence behavior of others, persuading (3) Interactional - Develop social relationships and ease the process of interactions (4) Personal - language used to express the personal preferences and identify that of the speaker (5) Representational - used to change information (6) Heuristic - to learn and explore he environment (7) Imaginative - to explore the imagination
12) 'Wugs' was found by researcher Jean Berko Gleason she created the 'wug test' which involves teaching children linguistic rules. She found that children aged 4 and below couldn't apply the linguistic rules, but children aged 4/5 could apply the plural 'wugs' without hearing this word before. This proved that language isn't memorised.
13) Most common word class for child's first 50 words will be nouns
14) Turn taking might be established by a carer and a child if one is asking a question and one is answering
15) A carer might make it easier for a child to understand their language by talking in a higher pitch and using smaller words and simplifying some vocabulary like saying 'orange' instead of 'satsuma'.
16) Genie was a 13 year old girl when she was found and was limited to a 20 word vocabulary. She was described as 'feral'. Her vocabulary was limited due to her having limited contact with people, she if often used by researchers to prove Bruner's Interaction Theory.
17) Jim was a hearing boy born to deaf parents. His parents put him in front of the TV hoping that he would pick up language and pronunciation. However, this didn't work and similar to Genie he is used to prove Bruner's Interaction Theory.
18) Another language theorist is Jean Aitchison, she has the idea that "language has a biologically organized schedule".
19) L.A.D. stands for Language Acquisition Device
20) Two word classes that children omit in the telegraphic stage are preposition and a determiner
21) The formation of negatives are if children don’t pick up some of the grammatical structures immediately as some children show an incorrect use of grammar. For example if a child said ‘wented’ instead of went, which shows that they have not imitated of others.